MOUNT BROMO PACKAGE TOUR
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Mount Bromo Tour package,

For those of you who like activities outside and traveling, Mount Bromo camping tour is one of the most popular tourism destinations in Indonesia, Mount Bromo camping tour offers a very extraordinary sensation, camping activities with views of the night sky with a cluster of stars that we can see directly with eyes, it becomes an attraction for national and international tourists, in the morning you can see the view of Mount Semeru, Mount Bromo and Mount Batok and Tengger Caldera , with a cheap price package tour with details below:

Meeting point at cemorolawang villages


Day 1:
14:00pm - started to hike after lunch, you two hours to reach the view point and the camp side.
16:30pm - explore around kedaluh (kingkong hill) to enjoy the sunset flare and panorama of the mountains
18:00pm - going back to our camp
19:30pm - have a dinner and relax on the camp area.
Etc (we can discuss on location)

day 2:

05:00Am wake up and taking a photos of the sunrise from the kedaluh (kingkong hill) and enjoy the coffee break.
06:30Am breakfas at camp side
08:00Am ojek rides to mount bromo and hiking up to the top.
09:00 Am back to the village
10:00 Am prepare for next destinations finish program.

- include :
* snack and meals
* mountain guides
* camping equiment
* breakfast
* dinner

Excluded
Enterence tickets national park
Jeep/motor bike transport.

- WHAT TO BRING

Jacket

Gloves and socks

Headlamp or torch

Trekking shoes

Trekking pools

For your recommended after Mount Bromo Tour Camping please read also

  • Beautiful Ijen Crater with blue flame
  • Most incredibles view of Tumpak Seu waterfall
  • Amazing view of Madakaripura waterfall


Noted :
• Schedule can be subject to change due the weather condition and your arrival.

Schedule : TBC
Objective : Hiking and overnights around tengger and bromo volcan
Duration : 2 Days 1 Nights
Grade     : Intermediate
- Pax.        :  2 persons
Price.      : IDR 950,000 ,-/pax
- Pax.        : 5 persons
price.      : IDR 750,000,-/pax
- Pax.        : 10 persons
Price.      : IDR 450,000,-/pax

Thank you very much, and for more information feel free to fill the contact form
Mount Bromo Package Tour.,
For coffee lovers, enjoying coffee is a pleasure in itself that can also feel an incredible sensation, enjoy coffee with a very beautiful natural scenery and will add to the taste of the coffee itself, and this is a coffee shop with a very beautiful view


1. d'Potrek Coffee Shop Bromo


Depotrek located on the slopes of Mount Bromo is one of the coffee shops that serves coffee with
incredible views, from any angle you can enjoy the view



















2. Bromo Terrace

Bromo terrace is a beautiful place to enjoy warm coffee with incredible views, here you can also see the Tengger mountains














3. Rehat Bromo

Rehat Bromo is located not far from Mount Bromo crater as well as the best choice for coffee, is a coffee shop with a very beautiful and amazing view

4. Lava View Lodge


Lava view lodge is the right choice to enjoy coffee with the view of Mount Bromo from the front of the coffee shop, this place is the closest to Mount Bromo Crater and Mount Batok, the beautiful
sunset adds to the beauty of the scenery, in this place you can also stay for a few nights, because the place this also provides lodging










Mount Bromo Tour Packages has become one of the favorite attractions of people who travel to Malang. The expanse of beautiful scenery is targeted by tourists to simply relax the eyes or add a collection of photos of the streets. However, if you don't know where you are in a cool photo spot, your arrival can be useless.

1. PENANJAKAN MOUNT
Mount bromo tour package
Mount Bromo Tour package

If you join an open trip to Mount Bromo, Mount Penanjakan will be the first destination written on the visit list. Why? The thing is, this location is the most popular place and is a mandatory spot to see the sunrise. Yep, Mount Pananjakan is famous for the beauty of the landscape that is swept with fog.

Try to imagine, the soft touch of the rising sun glowing in red and yellow behind the white clouds. What a beautiful sight, right? This photo with a sunrise and mountain background is the most uploaded photo of a netizen visiting Mount Bromo.



2. WISHPERING SAND
mount bromo tour package
Whispering sand

Whispering Sand is one of the uniqueness of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. This place is in the form of a very wide plain and covered with black sand. Anyway, similar to the desert.

A rough sand texture makes a sound like a whisper. Really? Just try it there, take a pinch of sand, then drop it slowly to the ground. A soft voice like a whisper must have appeared. In Pasir Berbisik, you can also find some large stones that can be climbed or as an additional background for photographs.


3. SAVANNA Of Mount Bromo


Mount Bromo Tour Package
Savanna of Mount Bromo

Teletubbies Hill is not just a stunning spot in Dieng, you know. In fact, there is also Mount Bromo. The Teletubbies hill itself is actually a very wide savanna with a green landscape as far as the eye can see. That bumpy hill that looks like a hill in the Teletubbies series.

The beauty and uniqueness of the Teletubbies Hill can be enshrined from the foothills. The scenery is beautiful and soothing. It's not surprising that this spot has become a favorite of many people.



4. JEEP 4X4 WHEELS
Mount Bromo Tour Package
Jeep Wheels 4X4

For exploring Mount Bromo, actually, visitors need to rent a jeep car. Especially if you go to the first spot that Viki calls, Penanjakan. The thing is, Penanjakan has a height of 2,770 masl, higher than Mount Bromo. So, ordinary vehicles won't be able to reach this spot.

Well, jeep rentals don't just make your trip easier. In fact, you can get small photos in a jeep. The problem is, jeeps can accommodate you to all the spots on Mount Bromo, including PaBir whispering and Teletubbies Hill. So, it's a shame if you don't take photos of this vehicle. Or, you can just take a photo with this vehicle so that it seems you are a true adventurer figure.


5. BROMO CRATER
Mount Bromo Tour Package
Mount Bromo Crater

To be able to reach Bromo crater, tourists must climb hundreds of stairs. So, this one spot is not really mandatory like some of the previous spots. Many, how come, those who are lazy to climb hundreds of these steps. However, even so, this crater located at 2,329 meters is one of the main attractions in Bromo. Not a few tourists still want to take the time to ride and take pictures close to the former eruption area. The thing is, it's very awkward if you go to Mount Bromo, but don't enjoy the crater. Tired of a little is okay, the important thing is the maximum results


6. MOUNT BATOK
Mount Bromo Tour Package
Mount Batok

In addition to Mount Bromo, in the mountain range there is actually another mountain called Mount Batok. Although this mountain is not as famous as Mount Bromo or Mount Semeru, actually, the appearance of Mount Batok most often appears in the image of Mount Bromo. In fact, some people mistakenly think that this mountain is Mount Bromo. No wonder, though, because the location of Mount Batok is adjacent to Mount Bromo and Mount Semeru.

If it's on the way to the summit of Mount Bromo, try to stop first to take a photo with the background of Mount Batok. Oh, yeah, you can also rent a horse to reach the top. So, don't miss the opportunity to take a photo with the horses.

7. POTEN TEMPLE
Mount Bromo Tour Package
Poten Luhur Temple

You could say, this is the most exotic location on Mount Bromo. This temple is one of the places of worship for the Tengger tribe. Tengger Temple was built in 2000 with a mixed architecture of Balinese and Javanese customs. Aside from being a place of worship, Luhur Poten Temple is the location for celebrating the Bromo traditional tribe, the Kasada Ceremony. Kasada ceremony is an annual ceremony as a form of thanksgiving for the gifts received by the community. This ceremony is held once a year in Kasada (the 10th month of the Javanese calendar), precisely on the 14th day and the first night of the month.



Well, the panorama of this temple is made to be immortalized. Moreover, the location is in the middle of the vast caldera and there are mountain views as the backdrop. Lo, you will definitely forget the feeling of exhaustion when you come here.

The spectacular and dramatic beauty of Mount Bromo makes it one of the most popular tourist attractions in Indonesia. Not only local tourists, foreign tourists want to come here to watch the soothing and stunning natural scenery. Well, if you go to Mount Bromo and its surroundings, remember, yes, always keep it clean in order to maintain its natural beauty.

The city of Probolinggo is a city in East Java Province, Indonesia. Located about 100 km southeast of Surabaya, the city of Probolinggo is bordered by the Madura Strait in the north, and Probolinggo Regency in the east, south and west. Probolinggo is the fourth largest city in East Java after Surabaya, Malang and Kediri by population. The city is located in the Tapal Kuda area, East Java and is the main north coast line that connects Java to Bali and  Probolinggo also offers tourist attractions in addition to Mount Bromo which is very beautiful to visit including the following

1. BEEJAY MANGROVE FOREST
Mount bromo tour package
BeeJay Bakau Resort or BJBR is a popular tourist spot in Probolinggo, given its existence which is felt to be quite important amidst the lives of Probolinggo residents in particular. This one mangrove tourism park does have complete facilities and is also affordable for many people.

As a vacation destination, BJBR tourism does provide a variety of facilities and water rides that are quite diverse, ranging from resorts, saltwater pools to several spots to take pictures. Given the high enthusiasm, this tourist place continues to make improvements and the addition of facilities and infrastructure to support all the needs of tourists. The location not too far from the city center of Probolinggo makes this place always crowded, especially when the holidays arrive.

If in general, tourist objects that have been popular put up ticket prices that are quite expensive, but it is different for BJBR. By being carried as a family tourist spot, the manager does deliberately not memato high prices with the aim of sharing happiness with the wider community. If some time ago I had reviewed Madakaripura Waterfall, this time it was still in the same city, Probolinggo. Want to know what is available at BeeJay Bakau Resort? it's good you first check the full info below.

On this afternoon I will explain in detail about the info BJBR BeeJay Bakau Resort tourist spot in Probolinggo. Hopefully all information that will be submitted can be received and made as an additional reference for you or other wise readers.

2. RED CHURCH
This church was originally designed in the Netherlands where the structure of the building was mostly made of steel with a loading and unloading system. This series of church materials has a total of 1,668 items sent directly from the Netherlands to Probolinggo. Furthermore, these materials are strung together to build a church. The purpose of sending this building was as part of the spread of Christianity by Dutch missionaries. It should also be noted that churches that resemble this are actually two or twins, the other is in The Hague, Netherlands.ven though it has an official name GPIB Immanuel but this church is more famous as the Red Church because indeed the color is dominated by red paint. The reason why this building is given red paint is because it is made of steel, so to prevent damage, the church is coated with paint or rust-proof paint that has red color. At the back of the church there is also one more building with a white base that is used for the secretariat office.

This church was built in 1862 precisely during the VOC occupation in Indonesia. The church, which is also a cultural preserve on Jalan Suroyo, Mayangan Subdistrict, has never been deserted by visits by domestic and foreign tourists. Many visitors want to take a closer look at the Dutch Colonial heritage church.

3. SONGA RAFTING
Bromo Authentique
onga Rafting is a water tour carried out along the Pakelan river. The source of the Pakelan River comes from the Mount Lamongan spring and Mount Argopuro spring. As for the width of the river varies, ranging from 5 meters to 20 meters. Every participant who does arum rafting will cross various terrain, which is certainly very exciting. With the patter of the creeping river water and rocks, the participants who made rafting in the river felt increasingly challenged.The distance of the rafting route that must be taken from the start to reach the finish of approximately 12 km. Travel time takes approximately 3.5 hours. There are many types of rapids that must be passed when doing rafting on the Pakelan river, among others are Pandawa, Welcome, Xtravaganza, Batu Jenggot, KPLA, Sharks, Tripple Ace, The Fly Matador, Rajawali, Long Rapid, Cucak Rowo, and Good Bye.
Songa Rafting Tourism is located in Ranu Gedang Village, Tiris District, Probolinggo Regency, East Java. The distance of this tour from the city center of Probolinggo is also not too far away. If you don't know the terrain, you can use travel services. These Travel Services generally also provide arum jeram packages. But if you want to go alone it is also not a problem, because there are many signposts that can be used as a reference to arrive at the location. A little unfortunate is that the road conditions are not good, aka hollow. So it is recommended that you be a little careful.

4. PROBOLINGGO MUSEUM
Probolinggo Museum is a museum in the city of Probolinggo, East Java province, Indonesia. Panti Budaya Building as a building that is currently used as the Probolinggo Museum has become an icon of tourism in the City of Probolinggo. As a center of history and culture, the Probolinggo museum plays an important role in supporting the learning process for tourists. Equipped with various attributes of historical objects and replicas that reflect the existence of a high-value culture, it is able to enhance the image of the city of Probolinggo as a historical city.

Various heritage assets during the Dutch colonial period also added to the Pobolinggo museum collection. The Probolinggo Museum which was officially opened by the Head of the East Java Province Tourism and Culture Office at the time of the holding of the 2nd MPS, was also supported by various related institutions, such as the Empu Tantular Museum. It is expected that with the application of increasingly diverse cooperation with various work units, it will improve the quality and quantity of historical heritage products at the Probolinggo Museum.

The beauty of the waterfall in the area of Mount Bromo is often visited by many local and foreign tourists, Mount Bromo not only has an attraction with scenery and sunrise but has another side in the form of a very beautiful waterfall to visit and the following 4 lists of water names of waterfall which is a pity to miss

1. MADAKARIPURA WATERFALL 

Madakaripura Waterfall is a waterfall located in Probolinggo Regency, East Java Province. This 200 meter high waterfall is the highest waterfall on Java Island and the second highest in Indonesia. This waterfall is one of the waterfalls in the area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park precisely on the slopes of Mount Bromo. Madakaripura waterfall is at the end of a narrow and niche-shaped valley surrounded by steep cliffs that drip water on all the cliffs like it is raining, 3 of them even pouring into a waterfall again. The name of the waterfall which is at an altitude of 1,000 masl comes from the word Madakaripura, a civilized land belonging to Mahapatih Gajah Mada from the Majapahit kingdom. Madakaripura Waterfall is also often called the Abadi Waterfall. That is because the water flowed by this waterfall is always abundant and never decreases its discharge

2. COBAN PELANGI WATERFALL

Coban Pelangi is a beautiful waterfall, which is located about 32 km away to the East Malang. It has natural, cool, and clean water that gives a peaceful impression. This waterfall can be reached on Mount Bromo via Malang city.

Find a lovely mountain resort, beautiful panorama, impressive view of apple fruits and 5 vegetables. The waterfall named Klakah Hut, the one belonging to Poncokusumo district.
The visitors will enjoy its fresh air, nature scenery, and of course the beautiful waterfall. Visit Coban Pelangi Waterfall in Malang regency.

3. TUMPAK SEWU WATERFALL

Tumpak Sewu Waterfall or also called Coban Sewu is a 120 meter high waterfall located on the border of Lumajang Regency and Malang Regency, East Java Province. Tumpak Sewu Waterfall is the most beautiful waterfall on Java and Indonesia. Tumpak Sewu Waterfall has a unique formation because it has a flow of water that widens like a curtain so it is included in the type of Tiered waterfall. The location of Tumpak Sewu Waterfall is in a long, steep valley with an elevation of 500 meters above sea level. Tumpak Sewu Waterfall is formed in the Glidih River stream [1] which is upstream on Mount Semeru.

4. BLAWAN WATERFALL

Blawan Waterfall is located in Kalianyar village, Sempol district. It is about 52 km of Bondowoso town. Blawan Waterfall is the continuation of the Bitter River River, which is the disposal place of the water from Ijen Crater, which contains of much sulfur. The water from Blawan Waterfall goes down to the earth then it shows up again in Asembagus, Situbondo district.

Blawan Waterfall is surrounded by sharp cliffs and there is also Stalagmite Cave. It is believed that a long time ago this cave was often used for meditate. There are also macadamia plants in this area. Besides Blawan Waterfall, there is a hot spring for tourism in this area. The tourism facilities are including; a shelter, hotels, etc.

Mount Bromo is one of the tourist destinations that presents a very beautiful scenery and this mountain is one of Indonesia's most popular tourist icons in national and international tourists and if you plan a vacation with family, friends or your spouse along with suitable hotel information as an option to stay at Bromo Mountain according to Bromo Authentique as follows:

1. LAVA VIEW LODGE
The hotel which is located on a mountain with a direct view of Mount Bromo and Mount Batok right
in front of the hotel is a very popular attraction, friendly staff, clean rooms with air far from air pollution will bring you to feel the beauty of the natural surroundings, distance between hotels with the crater of Mount Bromo is very close which is 2.4 km, in this hotel you can see the sunset directly in front of the hotel,
For pricing information and as follows please visit the website, click here




2. CAFE LAVA HOSTEL
Cafe Lava hostel is one of the hotels that also offers you to stay in the Mount Bromo area, friendly
staff and clean rooms at affordable prices is one of your choices to stay when you are on Mount Bromo, the distance from the crater is around 2, 5 km, you can also see the view of Mount Bromo just walking 50 meters from the hotel and you have seen a very beautiful view
For pricing information and as follows please visit the website, click here





3. BROMO PERMAI HOTEL
Bromo Permai Hotel is a hotel choice that also offers you to stay in the Mount Bromo area, friendly

staff and clean rooms at affordable prices is one of your choices to stay when you travel on Mount
Bromo, the distance from the crater is around 2.5 km , you can also see the view of Mount Bromo
just walking towards the front of the hotel and you have seen a very beautiful view










4. CEMARA INDAH HOTEL
Cemara Indah Hotel is a classic hotel choice that also offers you to stay in the Mount Bromo area, friendly staff and clean rooms at an affordable price to be one of your choices to stay when you are
 on Mount Bromo, the distance from the crater is around 2, 5 km, you can also see the view of Mount Bromo just walking towards the front of the hotel and you have seen a very beautiful view











5. JIWA JAWA HOTEL
Jiwa Jawa Hotel is a hotel with a minimalist concept with a blend of nature and modern hotel touch in the Mount Bromo area, this hotel is located on the slopes of Mount Bromo with a distance from Mount Bromo crater about 3 km








Hopefully the information above is useful for those of you who will travel to Mount Bromo, and do not miss other tours as below

Ijen crater is very beautiful with the blue fire
The beauty of the madakaripura waterfall

Tumpak Sewu Waterfall or also called Coban Sewu is a 120 meter high waterfall located on the border of Lumajang Regency and Malang Regency, East Java Province. Tumpak Sewu Waterfall is the most beautiful waterfall on Java and Indonesia. Tumpak Sewu Waterfall has a unique formation because it has a flow of water that widens like a curtain so it is included in the type of Tiered waterfall. The location of Tumpak Sewu Waterfall is in a long, steep valley with an elevation of 500 meters above sea level. Tumpak Sewu Waterfall is formed in the Glidih River stream [1] which is upstream on Mount Semeru.

Location
Tumpak Sewu Waterfall is located in Jagalan Hamlet, Sidomulyo Village, Pronojiwo Subdistrict, Lumajang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.

Accessibility
Even though it is located on the border of Lumajang Regency and Malang Regency, however, the public tour of Tumpak Sewu Waterfall is reached through Lumajang Regency via national road route 3, south of East Java. If departing from Malang, you can choose the route Bululawang - Dampit - Tirtomoyo - Pronojiwo - the border of Lumajang and Malang. After arriving at Sidomulyo Village, Pronojiwo Subdistrict, tourists will see the entrance to the tourist attraction of Tumpak Sewu Waterfall on the roadside. The road has two vehicles when passing. You can also park directly at the Tumpak Sewu Waterfall. Tumpak Sewu Waterfall is very easy to reach by private vehicles or public transportation in the form of minibuses. Buses with Lumajang - Malang or vice versa routes usually operate from 07.00 WIB and end at around 16.00 WIB.

Source : WIKIPEDIA

Perfect combination between Mount Bromo tour package, Madakaripura and Tumpak sewu waterfall

Day 1/ Start Malang/Surabaya/Banyuwangi
  • Our team will pick up from Surabaya/Malang or Banyuwangi using private car and bring welcome sign to make easy to find each other and transfer to Cemorolawang village ,check in hotel and free program 
Day 2/ Sunrise tour and Bromo Crater
  • Our team will give you wake up call at 2.30 am,
  • 3.00 the jeep 4x4 wheels will ready to bring to see the sunrise from Penanjakan mount 2.700 meters above see level and watch the beautiful sunrise 
  • 6.00 am after see the sunrise the jeep will transfer you to the active volcano and see the beautiful crater in bromo mount, horses riding or walking are better way to see crater from the top of volcano
  • The jeep will transfer you back to the hotel and get breakfast 
  • 09 am our team will transfer to Madakaripura waterfall, we need to walk about 1 hour from last parking area to see the beautiful waterfall, after see the waterfall
  • 01.00 our team will transfer you to Lumajang city and check in hotel 
  • Free program 
Day 3/ Tumpak Sewu Waterfall Tour 
  • After breakfast we will check out from hotel and  the team will transfer you to Tumpak sewu waterfall, need 2 hour from hotel 
  • Reach the parking area of waterfall and local guide will lead you to trek down and see the amazing Tumpak Sewu waterfall
  • After see the waterfall back to car and our team will transfer you back to Surabaya/Malang/Banyuwangi
  • Tour finish
Tips :
  • Please bring warmest cloth (jacket and gloves )
  • Please bring good shoes for trekking in Bromo mount
  • Please bring rain coat, will usefull in Madakaripura waterfall and Tumpak Sewu Waterfall
  • Please bring sunblock cream ( is not necesary )
  • Please make sure you are good stamina to climb Bromo mount 
What include 
  • Private car along journey ( Driver, Fuel, Parking fee )
  • Hotel in around Bromo mount ( you can request which hotel prefers )
  • Hotel in Lumajang City
  • Jeep 4x4 wheels
  • Local Guide in Madakaripura waterfall and Tumpak Sewu waterfall
  • Breakfast
  • Mineral water along journey
What exclude 
  • Personal expenses
  • Travel insurance 
  • National park entrance fee
  • Meals are not mentioned above 
  • Loundry
  • Tipping 
Thank you and have a great day  for more information please feel free to contact us 

Perfect combination between Mount Bromo tour package and Madakaripura waterfall

Day 1/ Start Malang/Surabaya/Banyuwangi
  • Our team will pick up from Surabaya/Malang or Banyuwangi using private car and bring welcome sign to make easy to find each other and transfer to Cemorolawang village ,check in hotel and free program 
Day 2/ Sunrise tour and Bromo Crater
  • Our team will give you wake up call at 2.30 am,
  • 3.00 the jeep 4x4 wheels will ready to bring to see the sunrise from Penanjakan mount 2.700 meters above see level and watch the beautiful sunrise 
  • 6.00 am after see the sunrise the jeep will transfer you to the active volcano and see the beautiful crater in bromo mount, horses riding or walking are better way to see crater from the top of volcano
  • The jeep will transfer you back to the hotel and get breakfast 
  • 09 am our team will transfer to Madakaripura waterfall, we need to walk about 1 hour from last parking area to see the beautiful waterfall, after see the waterfall
  • 01.00 our team will transfer you back to Surabaya/Malang or Banyuwangi ( as per schedule ) and tour is finish
Tips :
  • Please bring warmest cloth (jacket and gloves )
  • Please bring good shoes for trekking in Bromo mount
  • Please bring rain coat, will usefull in Madakaripura waterfall
  • Please bring sunblock cream ( is not necesary )
  • Please make sure you are good stamina to climb Bromo mount 
What include 
  • Private car along journey ( Driver, Fuel, Parking fee )
  • Hotel in around Bromo mount ( you can request which hotel prefers )
  • Jeep 4x4 wheels
  • Breakfast
  • Mineral water along journey
What exclude 
  • Personal expenses
  • Travel insurance 
  • National park entrance fee
  • Meals are not mentioned above 
  • Loundry
  • Tipping 
Thank you and have a great day  for more information please feel free to contact us 
Semeru, or Mount Semeru (Indonesian: Gunung Semeru), is an active volcano in East Java, Indonesia.[2]. It is the highest mountain on the island of Java. This stratovolcano is also known as Mahameru, meaning 'The Great Mountain.[3]
It is located in the subduction zone, where the Indo-Australia plate gets under the Eurasia plate
The name derived from the Hindu-Buddhist mythical mountain of Meru or Sumeru, the abode of gods.

Geology

Known also as Mahameru (The Great Mountain), it is very steep rising abruptly above the coastal plains of eastern Java. Maarscontaining crater lakes have formed along a line through the summit of the volcano. It was formed south of the overlapping Ajek-ajek and Jambagan calderas.[3] Semeru lies at the south end of the Tengger Volcanic Complex.

Eruptive history

Semeru's eruptive history is extensive. Since 1818, at least 55 eruptions have been recorded (10 of which resulted in fatalities) consisting of both lava flows and pyroclastic flows. All historical eruptions have had a VEI of 2 or 3.[4]
Semeru has been in a state of near-constant eruption from 1967 to the present. At times, small eruptions happen every 20 minutes or so.[5]
Semeru is regularly climbed by tourists, usually starting from the village of Ranu Pane to the north, but though non-technical it can be dangerous. Soe Hok Gie, an Indonesian political activist of the 1960s died in 1969 from inhaling poisonous gases while hiking on Mount Semeru.[6]

Mythology

Semeru is named from Sumeru, the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology and by extension Hinduism. As stated in legend, it was transplanted from India; the tale is recorded in the 15th-century East Javanese work Tantu Pagelaran. It was originally placed in the western part of the island, but that caused the island to tip, so it was moved eastward. On that journey, parts kept coming off the lower rim, forming the mountains Lawu, Wilis, Kelud, Kawi, Arjuno and Welirang. The damage thus caused to the foot of the mountain caused it to shake, and the top came off and created Penanggungan as well.[7] Indonesian Hindus also hold a belief that the mountain is the abode of Shiva in Java.

Plantation problems

Foreign invasive plants

In 2014, there are as many as 25 non-native plants in Mount Semeru National Park, which threaten the endemic local plants. The foreign plants were imported by a Dutch botanist named Van Steenis, in the colonial era. They include Foeniculum vulgare mill, Verbena brasiliensis, chromolaena odorata, and Salvinia molesta.[8]

Vegetable plantations

Mud erosion from surrounding vegetable plantations are also making problem of silting of Ranu Pane Lake, which the lake becomes smaller and shallower. Research predicted the lake will disappear in about 2025, except the kind of vegetables plantation is replaced with more ecological plantations.[9]

Source : WIKIPEDIA
The Ijen volcano complex is a group of composite volcanoes located on the border Banyuwangi Regency and Bondowoso Regency of East Java, Indonesia.
between
It is inside a larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometres wide. The Gunung Merapi stratovolcano is the highest point of that complex. The name "Gunung Merapi" means "mountain of fire" in the Indonesian language (api being "fire"); Mount Merapi in central Java and Marapi in Sumatra have the same etymology.
West of Gunung Merapi is the Ijen volcano, which has a one-kilometre-wide turquoise-coloured acidic crater lake. The lake is the site of a labour-intensive sulfur mining operation, in which sulfur-laden baskets are carried by hand from the crater floor. The work is paid well considering the cost of living in the area, but is very onerous.[3] Workers earn around Rp 50,000–75,000 ($5.50–$8.30) per day and once out of the crater, still need to carry their loads of sulfur chunks about three kilometers to the nearby Paltuding Valley to get paid.[4]
Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim. The largest concentration of post-caldera cones run east-west across the southern side of the caldera. The active crater at Kawah Ijen has a diameter of 722 metres (2,369 ft) and a surface area of 0.41 square kilometres (0.16 sq mi). It is 200 metres (660 ft) deep and has a volume of 36 cubic hectometres (29,000 acre⋅ft).
The lake is recognised as the largest highly acidic crater lake in the world.[1] It is also a source for the river Banyupahit, resulting in highly acidic and metal-enriched river water which has a significant detrimental effect on the downstream river ecosystem.[5] On July 14–15, 2008, explorer George Kourounis took a small rubber boat out onto the acid lake to measure its acidity. The pH of the water in the lake's edges was measured to be 0.5 and in the middle of the lake 0.13 due to high sulfuric acid concentration.[6]

Blue fire crater[edit]

Since National Geographic mentioned the electric-blue flame of Ijen, tourist numbers increased.[7] The phenomenon has occurred for a long time, but beforehand there was no midnight hiking. A two-hour hike is required to reach the rim of the crater, followed by a 45-minute hike down to the bank of the crater. The blue fire is ignited sulfuric gas, which emerges from cracks at temperatures up to 600 °C (1,112 °F).
The flames can be up to five meters (16 feet) high; some of the gas condenses to liquid and is still ignited.[8][9] It is the largest blue flame area in the world and local people refer to it as 'Blue Fire'.[citation needed]

Sulfur mining at Ijen[edit]

An active vent at the edge of the lake is a source of elemental sulfur, and supports a mining operation. Escaping volcanic gases are channeled through a network of ceramic pipes, resulting in condensation of molten sulfur.[10]
The sulfur, which is deep red in colour when molten, pours slowly from the ends of these pipes and pools on the ground, turning bright yellow as it cools. The miners break the cooled material into large pieces and carry it away in baskets. Miners carry loads ranging from 75 to 90 kilograms (165 to 198 lb), up 300 metres (980 ft) to the crater rim, with a gradient of 45 to 60 degrees and then 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) down the mountain for weighing. Most miners make this journey twice a day.
A nearby sulfur refinery pays the miners by the weight of sulfur transported; as of September 2010, the typical daily earnings were equivalent to approximately $13 US. The miners often receive insufficient protection while working around the volcano [11] and complain of numerous respiratory afflictions. There are 200 miners, who extract 14 tons per day – about 20% of the continuous daily deposit.[12]

Source : WIKIPEDIA

Mount Bromo (Indonesian: Gunung Bromo), is an active volcano and part of the Tengger massif, in East Java, Indonesia. At 2,329 meters (7,641 ft) it is not the highest peak of the massif, but is the most well known. The massif area is one of the most visited tourist attractions in East Java, Indonesia. The volcano belongs to the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The name of Bromo derived from Javanese pronunciation of Brahma, the Hindu creator god.
Mount Bromo sits in the middle of a plain called the "Sea of Sand" (Javanese: Segara Wedi or Indonesian: Lautan Pasir), a protected nature reserve since 1919. The typical way to visit Mount Bromo is from the nearby mountain village of Cemoro Lawang. From there it is possible to walk to the volcano in about 45 minutes, but it is also possible to take an organised jeep tour, which includes a stop at the viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan (2,770 m or 9,088 ft) (Indonesian: Gunung Penanjakan). The viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan can also be reached on foot in about two hours.
Depending on the degree of volcanic activity, the Indonesian Centre for Volcanology and Disaster Hazard Mitigation sometimes issues warnings against visiting Mount Bromo.

2004 eruptions[edit]

Mount Bromo erupted in 2004. That eruptive episode led to the death of two people who had been hit by rocks from the explosion.[2]

2010 eruptions[edit]

On Tuesday, 23 November 2010, 16.30 WIB (Western Indonesian Time), the Indonesian Centre of Vulcanology and Geology Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) confirmed the activity status of Mount Bromo at "alert" due to increasing tremor activity and shallow volcanic earthquakes at the mountain.[3] Concerns were raised that a volcanic eruption might be likely to occur. As a precaution local residents and tourists were instructed to remain clear of an area within a radius of three kilometers from the caldera and refugee encampments were erected. The area surrounding the Teggera caldera of Bromo remained off-limits for visitors throughout the remainder of 2010.
Bromo started to erupt ash on Friday 26 November 2010.[4]
On 29 November 2010 Transport Ministry spokesman Bambang Ervan announced that Malang's domestic airport would be closed until 4 December 2010. Malang is a city of about 800,000 people is about 25 km (16 mi) west of Mount Bromo. Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport normally handles 10 daily domestic flights from the capital Jakarta. Government volcanologist Surono reported that the volcano was spitting columns of ash some 700 meters (2,300 feet) into the sky.[5]

2011 eruptions[edit]


Bromo eruption January 22, 2011 at 5:30 am (Bromo volcano crater itself is not visible)
The Tengger Caldera was still active in late January 2011, the activity being characterised by fluctuating ongoing eruptions. On 23 January 2011 the Indonesian Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM; Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi) reported that since 19 December 2010 volcanic ash and incandescent material had been thrown up by eruptive activity resulting in a heavy rain of material that fell around the crater. Continuous eruptions on 21 January caused a thin ash fall mainly in the village areas of Ngadirejo and Sukapura Wonokerto in Probolinggo district.
The impact of a heavy rain of volcanic ash from eruptions since 19 December 2010 resulted in disruption of normal activities. By early 2011 concerns were being raised about the effect upon the local economy and the potential for long-term environmental and health problems amongst the residents in the locality surrounding Mount Bromo. Due to high seasonal rainfall in January 2011 the potential for lahar and lava flow was raised due to the deposits of volcanic ash, sand and other ejected material that had built up. Seismic activity was dominated by tremor vibration and reports of visual intensity and sounds of eruption continued to be reported from the mountain monitoring facility, Bromo Observation Post. People living on the banks of the Perahu Ravine, Nganten Ravine and Sukapura River were alerted to the possibility of lava flows, especially when it was raining heavily in the area around Cemorolawang, Ngadisari and Ngadirejo. Eruptions and volcanic tremors were reported on 21 January and 22 January with activity subsiding on 23 January 2011. On 23 January 2011 at 6:00 am the alert status at Mount Bromo remained at Level III.[6]
On 23 January 2011 an exclusion zone was recommended for communities living around Mount Bromo. Tourists and hikers were advised to not come within a radius of 2 km from the active crater. CVGHM stated that they expected warning signs to be installed stating the limit radius of 2 km from the crater. Operational caution was recommended for flights into and leaving Juanda International Airport IATA:SUB in Surabaya. CVGHM recommended the establishment of public areas for the provision of face masks and eye protection. CVGHM also issued a warning to residents to be cautious of ash buildup on roofs and other places that may give cause for collapse under the burden of ash.[6]
Further eruptions and the issuing of aviation ash advisories on 27 January and 28 January 2011 led to concerns being raised regarding a volcanic ash plume, reported to be drifting eastward toward the air corridors used to access the Ngurah Rai International Airport IATA:DPS in Bali. Airport official Sherly Yunita was reported at the time as stating that concerns about visibility had prompted Singapore Airlines, Jetstar-ValueAir, Air France-KLM, Virgin Blue and Cathay Pacific to cancel several flights to Bali, 340 km (211 mi) to the east.[7][8]SilkAir also cancelled flights on the 27 January between Singapore and Lombok, an island to the east of Bali.[9] The Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre in Darwin, Australia released several Code Red Aviation Ash Advisories pertaining to Mount Bromo (Tengger Caldera), on 27 January. They indicated that ash was observed at altitudes up to 18,000 ft (FL180) extending 200 nautical miles to the south east of the caldera. In other ash advisories of that day the cloud was reported as at times having a 10 km/h drift, both to the east and to the south east.[10]

Deformation-late November 2010-late January 2011

The Indonesian Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) reported on 13 January 2011, that deformation using tiltmeter measurements indicated an inflation at rate of 5 micro radians between 25 November 2010 and 14 December 2010 and a relatively stable since 15 December 2010 both on Radial Components and Tangential Components.
Deformation measurement using electronic distance measurement equipment compared observations at designated measuring points; POS-BRO, POS-KUR and POS-BAT during the period 25 November 2010 – 20 December 2010 with observations from the period 21 December 2010 – 30 December 2010 indicated the shortening of the distance from the POS-BAT, or inflation. Observations between 30 December 2010 to 23 January 2011 were reported as relatively stable.[6]

2015 eruption

Mount Bromo showed signs of increasing activity beginning in 4th Dec 2015, when the amount of smoke coming out of the crater intensified.[11] By late November Mount Bromo began to eject ashes into the air.[12] Indonesian Volcano Monitoring Bureau (PVBMG) issued a warning that forbade people from climbing Mount Bromo. Later the warning was extended into a 1 km exclusion zone, before eventually extended into wider range which virtually barred visitors from coming down into the caldera floor, which is popularly known as Sandsea.[13]

Culture


Pura Luhur Poten.
See also: Tenggerese people
On the fourteenth day of the Hindu festival of Yadnya Kasada, the Tenggerese people of Probolinggo, East Java, travel up the mountain in order to make offerings of fruit, rice, vegetables, flowers and sacrifices of livestock to the mountain gods by throwing them into the caldera of the volcano. The origin of the ritual lies in the 15th century legend where a princess named Roro Anteng started the principality of Tengger with her husband, Joko Seger. The couple were childless and therefore beseeched the assistance of the mountain gods. The gods granted them 24 children but stipulated that the 25th child, named Kesuma, must be thrown into the volcano as a human sacrifice. The gods' request was implemented. The tradition of throwing sacrifices into the volcano to appease these ancient deities continues today and is called the Yadnya Kasada ceremony. Though fraught with danger, some locals risk climbing down into the crater in an attempt to recollect the sacrificed goods that they believe could bring them good luck.
On the sand plain, locally called Segara Wedi (lit. sand ocean), sits a Hindu temple called Pura Luhur Poten. The temple holds a significant importance to the Tenggerese scattered across the mountain villages, such as Ngadisari, Wonokitri, Ngadas, Argosari, Ranu Prani, Ledok Ombo and Wonokerso. The temple organises the annual Yadnya Kasada ceremony which lasts for about one month. On the 14th day, the Tenggerese congregate at Pura Luhur Poten to ask for blessings from Ida Sang Hyang Widi Wasa and the God of Mahameru (Mount Semeru). Then the crowd proceeds along the crater edges of Mt Bromo where offerings are thrown into the crater. The major difference between this temple and Balinese ones are the type of stones and building materials. Pura Luhur Poten uses natural black stones from volcanoes nearby, while Balinese temples are mostly made from red bricks. Inside this pura, there are several buildings and enclosures aligned in a mandala zone composition.[14]

Source : WIKIPEDIA
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